If I were to create a "Three Button" for each of them, the filter works. But when I use the .vbs.txt script Leo provided above, selecting the filter seemed to "Select All Files", as highlighted in the screenshot in orange, instead of running the filter:
Hard so say without knowing what your filters are, and what's in the button that runs the script, and information about the files that should/shouldn't be matched. Please provide more detail.
Now the double-negative is clear. Your Select command is using HIDESEL so it hides the things that match the filter.
I'd recommend reversing the filter, so it matches the things you want to see (not the things you don't want to see), and then using HIDEUNSEL instead of HIDESEL if you want to use it with the Select command.
Then the filter can be more easily used with other things, like the Select By Filter menu you wanted to use it with at the start of the thread.
You can load your filter into the Find panel by moving the mouse over where it says "Filter: new filter" in the screenshot and clicking there (over the "new filter" part, specifically). A list of saved filters will appear.
Using the Find tool is usually the best/easiest way to test how a filter works and see what it does or doesn't match.