I couldn't find a setting for it so I suppose this isn't possible yet. I would find it handy to get a new setting to enable long names (or other column content) to break into the length their column has.
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There are two advanced settings though. I couln't find out where these are used: 
Tip: if you don't need to see it very often or for many items, having the full path on the tooltip can work well.
You can push F1 in most windows for help, including descriptions of Preferences options:
@andersonnnunes's suggestion above is probably the best way to handle names that are too long for your chosen layout/widths.
