Sorry in advance for the lengthy babble but:
It looks like the state of the active lister doesn't always update a style in the way you'd expect depending on how the Style was created, or at least... what some of the existing styles settings are like.
For instance, if you are in Prefs and you simply create a 'new' style, ALL of the options and checkboxes are blank... it's a clean slate. But if you then fix up your active lister so that there is only a SINGLE folder tab open, and you modify your column formatting (by any means... folder options, right clicking on column headers, etc) and finally click RMB on that newly created style and 'update' it... you will NOT see those column changes reflected the next time you try clicking on that style.
It seems the 'Update' style context option is a bit at odds with folder tabs depending on the tab state.
In any event, if you look in the styles editor at the styles you say 'updating' doesn't seem to work on to update column formatting, you should probably see that those styles:
a) do NOT have a check mark in the 'Format' box in the 'Styles Settings' section
b) are NOT loading any particular folder tabs (if you look at the 'Tabs' button for that style also in the 'Styles Settings' section)
However, even though the 'Format' checkbox might not be activated on a given style you've updated after making coumn format changes... those fomat changes SHOULD still be getting saved in the style. Try it out, then take a peek at the style editor, ENABLE the 'Format' checkbox, hit the 'Edit' button next to format, goto Columns tab and you should see your changes there... though you'd still need to additionaly check in the 'Columns' checkbox on this tab to make the style apply the column settings... whew.
Going the other way, if you've got multiple folder tabs open, then make a column format change, and select to update a similar 'newly created/clean slate' style... this 'update' maneuver WILL update the style so that you see your column format changes... but in the context of having associated the formatting with the particular folder tabs that will now load with that style.
Let's see what comments Jon might have... but I'm inclined to say that there might be a feature request in order here to make the styles 'update' maneuver a bit more interactive. It's clearly trying to guess at what it is the user wants the style to do... but since people will use Styles for different reason there might be some confirmation dialogs in order similar to what we get when we save folder format changes.. to let the user have a bit of input into exactly what things in the style will be updated.