The current sizes of your icon sets are listed under Preferences / Toolbars / Icons.
Standard "small" size is 24x24 multiplied by the system DPI.
Standard "large" size is 32x32 multiplied by the system DPI.
But those are just the sizes used by the default, internal icon set. You can use whatever sizes you want when making your own icon sets, and you can also specify how (or even if) they are DPI scaled.