This post has a step-by-step guide on how to set up a single folder format that will be used in all folders:
In the same dialog where you do that, you can specify whether each column is auto-sized or a fixed size. The columns' current sizes are automatically added to the drop-down for selection, or you can type over them with a specific pixel width if you want something different.
There are also options to auto-size columns up to a limit, or until they run out of space, which can give you the best of both worlds:
