This is a JPEG image, and JPEG defines the JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) for, as the name suggests, the interchange of images.
JFIF specifically defines the standard color spaces to be used for the interchange of images.
The standard color spaces are defined by component identifier configurations in the SOF (Start Of Frame) marker in the head of the JPEG file.
This image is marked as standard luma-chroma-chroma color space with extended gamut (sYCC), which is defined per IEC 61966-2-1:1999 Amendment A1:2003 Annex F.
It is the most commonly used color space in JPEG (JFIF) images.
Directory Opus renders the image correctly according to this indication.
The Microsoft GDI+ system component renders the image in the same way, as can be seen with the SimpleImage sample application.
Some people believe that it would be useful to deploy non-standard color spaces and indicate those in auxiliary markers in the head of the JPEG file.
Notice that such images are no longer JFIF images, thus hampering the proper image interchange!
This image has 3 auxiliary markers:
- an Exif marker (APP1, 0xFFE1)
- an ICC Profile marker (APP2, 0xFFE2)
- an XMP marker (APP1, 0xFFE1)
ICC is International Color Consortium, XMP is Extensible Metadata Platform.
When this auxiliary indication is utilized, differing display is the result.
cPicture, which is also JPEG 9 reference application like Directory Opus, thus shows the different display.
Below is the interpretation of the auxiliary markers.
Regards
Guido
JPEG developer
JPEGsnoop 1.8.0 by Calvin Hass
Filename: [F:\Z52_002591F.jpg]
Filesize: [7891243] Bytes
*** Marker: APP1 (xFFE1) ***
OFFSET: 0x00000014
Length = 1250
Identifier = [Exif]
Identifier TIFF = 0x[49492A00 08000000]
Endian = Intel (little)
TAG Mark x002A = 0x002A
EXIF IFD0 @ Absolute 0x00000026
Dir Length = 0x000F
[Make ] = "NIKON CORPORATION"
[Model ] = "NIKON Z5_2"
[Orientation ] = 1 = Row 0: top, Col 0: left
[XResolution ] = 300/1
[YResolution ] = 300/1
[ResolutionUnit ] = Inch
[Software ] = "DxO FilmPack 7"
[DateTime ] = "2025:10:04 16:55:26"
[Artist ] = ""
[YCbCrPositioning ] = Co-sited
[Copyright ] = ""
[ExifOffset ] = @ 0x0172
[GPSOffset ] = @ 0x04B4
Offset to Next IFD = 0x00000000
EXIF SubIFD @ Absolute 0x00000190
Dir Length = 0x002D
[ExposureTime ] = 10/3200 s
[FNumber ] = F7.1
[ExposureProgram ] = Shutter priority
[ISOSpeedRatings ] = 1100
[DateTimeOriginal ] = "2025:10:04 16:55:26"
[DateTimeDigitized ] = "2025:10:04 16:55:26"
[ShutterSpeedValue ] = 8726173/1048576
[ApertureValue ] = 565564/100000
[ExposureBiasValue ] = 0.00 eV
[MeteringMode ] = Pattern
[LightSource ] = unknown
[Flash ] = Flash did not fire
[FocalLength ] = 145 mm
[UserComment ] = ""
[SubSecTime ] = "26"
[SubSecTimeOriginal ] = "26"
[SubSecTimeDigitized ] = "26"
[ColorSpace ] = Uncalibrated
[ExifImageWidth ] = 4032
[ExifImageHeight ] = 6048
[SensingMethod ] = One-chip color area sensor
[FileSource ] = DSC
[SceneType ] = A directly photographed image
[CFAPattern ] = 0x[02000200 00010102]
[CustomRendered ] = Custom process
[ExposureMode ] = Auto exposure
[WhiteBalance ] = Auto white balance
[FocalLengthIn35mmFilm ] = 145
[SceneCaptureType ] = Standard
[GainControl ] = 1
[Contrast ] = 0
[Saturation ] = 0
[Sharpness ] = 0
[SubjectDistanceRange ] = 0
EXIF GPSIFD @ Absolute 0x000004D2
Dir Length = 0x0001
[GPSVersionID ] = 2.3.0.0
*** Marker: APP2 (xFFE2) ***
OFFSET: 0x000004F8
Length = 596
Identifier = [ICC_PROFILE]
ICC Profile:
Marker Number = 1 of 1
Profile Size : 580 bytes
Preferred CMM Type : 'lcms' (0x6C636D73)
Profile Version : 0.4.3.0 (0x04300000)
Profile Device/Class : Display Device profile ('mntr' (0x6D6E7472))
Data Colour Space : rgbData ('RGB ' (0x52474220))
Profile connection space (PCS) : 'XYZ ' (0x58595A20)
Profile creation date : 2022-05-23 00:00:00
Profile file signature : 'acsp' (0x61637370)
Primary platform : ? (0x00000000) ('....' (0x00000000))
Profile flags : 0x00000000
Profile flags > Profile not embedded
Profile flags > Profile can't be used independently of embedded
Device Manufacturer : '....' (0x00000000)
Device Model : '....' (0x00000000)
Device attributes : 0x00000000_00000000
Device attributes > Reflective
Device attributes > Glossy
Device attributes > Media polarity = negative
Device attributes > Black & white media
Rendering intent : Perceptual
Profile creator : 'lcms' (0x6C636D73)
Profile ID : 0x00000000_00000000_00000000_00000000
*** Marker: APP1 (xFFE1) ***
OFFSET: 0x0000074E
Length = 4429
Identifier = [http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/]
XMP =
|<?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>
|<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" x:xmptk="XMP Core 5.5.0">
| <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
| <rdf:Description rdf:about=""
| xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/"
| xmlns:crd="http://ns.adobe.com/camera-raw-defaults/1.0/"
| xmlns:tiff="http://ns.adobe.com/tiff/1.0/">
| <xmp:CreateDate>2025-10-04T16:55:26.26</xmp:CreateDate>
| <xmp:CreatorTool>DxO FilmPack 7</xmp:CreatorTool>
| <xmp:Rating>0</xmp:Rating>
| <crd:Exposure2012>0.33</crd:Exposure2012>
| <crd:Highlights2012>-21</crd:Highlights2012>
| <crd:Shadows2012>10</crd:Shadows2012>
| <crd:LuminanceSmoothing>56</crd:LuminanceSmoothing>
| <crd:LuminanceNoiseReductionDetail>75</crd:LuminanceNoiseReductionDetail>
| <crd:LuminanceNoiseReductionContrast>0</crd:LuminanceNoiseReductionContrast>
| <crd:ColorNoiseReduction>25</crd:ColorNoiseReduction>
| <crd:ColorNoiseReductionDetail>50</crd:ColorNoiseReductionDetail>
| <crd:ColorNoiseReductionSmoothness>50</crd:ColorNoiseReductionSmoothness>
| <crd:Sharpness>56</crd:Sharpness>
| <crd:SharpenRadius>2.00</crd:SharpenRadius>
| <crd:SharpenDetail>25</crd:SharpenDetail>
| <crd:SharpenEdgeMasking>0</crd:SharpenEdgeMasking>
| <crd:Contrast2012>0</crd:Contrast2012>
| <crd:Saturation>0</crd:Saturation>
| <crd:Clarity2012>4</crd:Clarity2012>
| <crd:Texture>8</crd:Texture>
| <crd:HueAdjustmentRed>-3</crd:HueAdjustmentRed>
| <crd:HueAdjustmentOrange>-7</crd:HueAdjustmentOrange>
| <crd:HueAdjustmentYellow>-3</crd:HueAdjustmentYellow>
| <crd:SaturationAdjustmentRed>-6</crd:SaturationAdjustmentRed>
| <crd:SaturationAdjustmentOrange>-12</crd:SaturationAdjustmentOrange>
| <crd:SaturationAdjustmentYellow>-6</crd:SaturationAdjustmentYellow>
| <crd:LuminanceAdjustmentRed>4</crd:LuminanceAdjustmentRed>
| <crd:LuminanceAdjustmentOrange>8</crd:LuminanceAdjustmentOrange>
| <crd:LuminanceAdjustmentYellow>4</crd:LuminanceAdjustmentYellow>
| <crd:CameraProfile>Camera Vivid</crd:CameraProfile>
| <tiff:Orientation>1</tiff:Orientation>
| </rdf:Description>
| </rdf:RDF>
|</x:xmpmeta>